Calcium vs Sodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ca
Na
Group Number
2
16
1
17
Period Number
4
3
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkali
CAS Number
7440702
21
7440235
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1808
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %
3
2 * 10-3 %
6
Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %
4
~0.004 %
6
Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 %
4
0.55 %
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 %
3
2.30 %
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
5
1.10 %
1
Abundance In Humans
1.40 %
1
0.14 %
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
839.00 °C
99+
97.72 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C
99+
883.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.75
17
0.50
22
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa
99+
0.69 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
3,200.00 m/s
24
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ca
Na
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.00
99+
0.93
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95
24
0.56
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04
34
1.01
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08
17
0.91
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.03
39
0.87
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.00
9
3.07
6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.87 eV
38
2.75 eV
40
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
20
99+
11
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
20
99+
11
99+
Number of Neutrons
20
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
20
99+
11
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
197.00 pm
6
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
176.00 pm
22
166.00 pm
27
Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm
19
227.00 pm
21
Atomic Weight
40.08 amu
99+
22.99 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol
7
23.70 cm3/mol
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)
99+
14.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
558.84 pm
9
429.06 pm
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3
99+
0.97 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3
99+
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)
3
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa
99+
3.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa
99+
6.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa
99+
10.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.58
99+
0.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol
39
52.80 kJ/mol
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K
34
28.23 J/mol·K
10
Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K
5
142.00 W/m·K
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,573.00 K
2
Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
51.30 J/mol.K
28
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