Cesium vs Lead
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs
Pb
Group Number
1
17
14
4
Period Number
6
6
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440462
40
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Unknown
Discovery
In 1860
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %
24
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %
20
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.
26
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C
99+
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
678.40 °C
99+
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gold
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.20
25
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa
99+
38.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79
99+
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22
33
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62
26
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
0.66
99+
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21
2
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV
99+
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55
99+
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
55
99+
82
34
Number of Neutrons
78
99+
125
19
Number of Electrons
55
99+
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm
1
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm
2
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm
2
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu
99+
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol
1
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)
99+
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm
5
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3
99+
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3
99+
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.64 (Pa)
7
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa
99+
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa
99+
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.87
99+
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m
17
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol
25
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K
4
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K
36
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K
5
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K
3
64.80 J/mol.K
17
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