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Copper Beryllium Comparison

Copper
Beryllium
Beryllium Copper comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Be  
Group Number
11  
7
2  
16
Period Number
4  
2  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440417  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1797  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
1,278.00 °C  
36
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
2,970.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
White Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
590.00 MPa  
25
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
1,670.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
12,890.00 m/s  
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
1.56  
34
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Be  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.57  
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.81  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.47  
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
1.58  
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.43  
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
4  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[He] 2s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
4  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
5  
99+
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
4  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
112.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
96.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
153.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
9.01 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
82.00 (-eV)  
15
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
228.58 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
287.00 MPa  
16
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
17
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
132.00 GPa  
7
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
130.00 GPa  
13
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
287.00 GPa  
7
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.03  
36
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
1.85  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
200.00 W/m·K  
6
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
1,551.00 K  
39
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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