Symbol
Er
  
Os
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
6
  
Block
f block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Mining
  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
  
Smithson Tennant
  
Discovery
In 1842
  
In 1803
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
~0.0000002 %
  
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
  
Highly Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
No
  
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C
  
28
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery Bluish-Gray
  
Luster
Lustrous
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
  
1
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s
  
28
4,940.00 m/s
  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Er
  
Os
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol
  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol
  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
  
33
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr
  
28
1.77 g/amp-hr
  
38
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Covalent Radius
Not Available
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol
  
25
8.49 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)
  
29
91.40 (-eV)
  
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
1,000.00 MPa
  
4
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
  
Ductile
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω
  
18
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
106.10 kJ/mol
  
9
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)
  
34
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K
  
11
24.70 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K
  
99+
87.60 W/m·K
  
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)
  
31
5.10 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol
  
35
627.60 kJ/mol
  
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol
  
15
29.30 kJ/mol
  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
  
33
669.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K
  
11
32.60 J/mol.K
  
99+