Osmium Erbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Er
Group Number
8
10
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440520
35
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1803
In 1842
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
36
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
1,522.00 °C
28
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
2,510.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
814.00 MPa
11
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
589.00 MPa
19
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
2,830.00 m/s
28
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Er
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.24
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.76
18
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
589.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,194.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
2.08 g/amp-hr
28
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
68
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
68
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
99
33
Number of Electrons
76
39
68
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
Not Available
189.00 pm
19
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
Not Available
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
167.26 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
18.40 cm3/mol
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
49.00 (-eV)
29
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
355.88 pm
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
9.07 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
8.86 g/cm3
23
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
28.30 GPa
25
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
44.40 GPa
27
Young's Modulus
Not Available
69.90 GPa
29
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.24
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
9.07
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
0.86 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
28.12 J/mol·K
11
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
14.50 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
12.20 µm/(m·K)
31
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
261.00 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
17.20 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
314.00 kJ/mol
33
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
73.10 J/mol.K
11
|
||
|
||
|
