Symbol
Er
  
Ga
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
4
  
Block
f block
  
p block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Post-Transition
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
Cmca
  
Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Mining
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
  
Discovery
In 1842
  
In 1875
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
~0.000004 %
  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
Yes
  
In Blood
Not Available
  
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
  
13
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C
  
28
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C
  
99+
2,403.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Lustrous
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s
  
28
2,740.00 m/s
  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Er
  
Ga
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol
  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol
  
13
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol
  
28
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
  
33
6,180.00 kJ/mol
  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr
  
28
0.87 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol
  
25
11.80 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)
  
29
69.70 (-eV)
  
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3
  
99+
5.91 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Semiconductor
  
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
29
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
28.90 kJ/mol
  
31
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)
  
34
0.37 J/(kg K)
  
16
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K
  
11
25.86 J/mol·K
  
35
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K
  
99+
40.60 W/m·K
  
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)
  
31
18.00 µm/(m·K)
  
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol
  
35
256.10 kJ/mol
  
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol
  
15
5.59 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
  
33
276.10 kJ/mol
  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K
  
11
40.80 J/mol.K
  
38