Gallium Yttrium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Y
Group Number
13
5
3
15
Period Number
4
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440655
25
Space Group Name
Cmca
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
64.00
9
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1875
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
Not Available
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
589.00 MPa
22
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
50
99+
Number of Electrons
31
99+
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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