Gold Properties

Gold

Physical

Melting Point

1,064.43 °C 42

Boiling Point

2,807.00 °C 36

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

2.50 14

Brinell Hardness

194.00 MPa 42

Vickers Hardness

216.00 MPa 31

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

Not Available 0

Reflectivity

95.00 % 2

Speed of Sound

2,030.00 m/s 44

Allotropes

No 0

α Allotropes

Not Available 0

β Allotropes

Not Available 0

γ Allotropes

Not Available 0

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Au 0

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

36 3

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

2.54 1

Sanderson Electronegativity

Not Available 0

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.42 18

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.87 7

Allen Electronegativity

1.92 5

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

1.46 53

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol 8

2nd Energy Level

1,980.00 kJ/mol 12

3rd Energy Level

Not Available 0

Electrochemical Equivalent

2.45 g/amp-hr 21

Electron Work Function

5.10 eV 4

Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility 0

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

19.30 g/cm³ 15

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

17.31 g/cm3 6

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa) 23

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

67.00 (Pa) 4

Tensile Strength

120.00 MPa 15

Viscosity

Not Available 0

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

27.00 GPa 27

Bulk Modulus

180.00 GPa 9

Young's Modulus

79.00 GPa 24

Poisson Ratio

0.40 4

Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable 0

Periodic Table

Symbol

Au 0

Group Number

11 7

Period Number

6 2

Block

d block 0

Element Family

Transition Metal 0

Atomic

Atomic Number

79 37

Atomic Weight

196.97 amu 33

Atomic Volume

10.20 cm3/mol 48

Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹ 0

Valence Electron Potential

43.40 (-eV) 41

Atom

Number of Protons

79 37

Number of Neutrons

118 23

Number of Electrons

79 37

Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC) 0

Crystal Lattice

FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100 0

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

151.00 pm 32

Covalent Radius

144.00 pm 40

Van der Waals Radius

166.00 pm 39

Lattice Constant

407.82 pm 21

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2 0

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.61 4

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Next Element

8 0

Previous Element

20 0

Magnetic

Electrical Properties

Resistivity

2.20 nΩ·m 53

Electrical Conductivity

0.45 10⁶/cm Ω 3

Electron Affinity

222.80 kJ/mol 1

Electrical Property

Conductor 0

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

19.32 8

Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic 0

Permeability

Not Available 0

Susceptibility

Not Available 0

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K) 39

Thermal Conductivity

318.00 W/m·K 3

Critical Temperature

Not Available 0

Molar Heat Capacity

25.42 J/mol·K 40

Thermal Expansion

14.20 µm/(m·K) 26

Standard Molar Entropy

47.40 J/mol.K 32

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

324.40 kJ/mol 27

Enthalpy of Fusion

12.55 kJ/mol 27

Enthalpy of Atomization

364.00 kJ/mol 25

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