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Gold vs Californium

Gold
Californium
Californium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Cf  
Group Number
11  
7
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440713  
20
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1950  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
Not Available  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
30
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
900.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
36
1,470.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
3.00  
12
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
31
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au  
Cf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
1
1.30  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
18
1.20  
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
7
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
5
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
21
3.12 g/amp-hr  
15
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
4
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79  
37
98  
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
98  
20
Number of Neutrons
118  
23
153  
9
Number of Electrons
79  
37
98  
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
186.00 pm  
9
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
40
Not Available  
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
39
Not Available  
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
251.00 amu  
17
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
44.50 (-eV)  
38
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
21
338.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
4
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
15.10 g/cm3  
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
6
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
15
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
27
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
24
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable, Sectile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
8
15.10  
13
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Unknown  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Not Available  
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Not Available  
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
Not Available  
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
40
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Not Available  
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
26
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
27
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
27
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
25
Not Available  
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
32
Not Available  
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