Iridium Calcium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Ca
Group Number
9
9
2
16
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1803
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
Not Available
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
170.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
20
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
25.50 (Pa)
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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