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Iridium vs Calcium

Iridium
Calcium
Calcium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir  
Ca  
Group Number
9  
9
2  
16
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7439885  
99+
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
29
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C  
7
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C  
10
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
5
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa  
8
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s  
17
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
8
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ir  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.68  
20
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
77  
39
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu  
34
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm  
29
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3  
10
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3  
13
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa  
2
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa  
2
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa  
3
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78  
12
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
5
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K  
10
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
2,719.00 K  
8
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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