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Iridium vs Thallium

Iridium
Thallium
Thallium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir  
Tl  
Group Number
9  
9
13  
5
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439885  
99+
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C  
7
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C  
10
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
5
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa  
8
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s  
17
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
8
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ir  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.68  
20
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
77  
39
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
123  
21
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu  
34
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm  
29
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3  
10
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3  
13
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa  
2
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa  
2
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa  
3
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78  
12
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
5
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K  
10
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
2,719.00 K  
8
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
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