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Iridium vs Thallium

Iridium
Thallium
Thallium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir   
Tl   
Group Number
9   
9
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439885   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C   
7
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C   
10
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
5
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa   
3
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s   
13
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.68   
17
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol   
9
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
35
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77   
39
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
123   
20
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu   
34
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm   
26
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3   
10
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3   
3
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa   
2
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa   
3
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa   
1
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78   
3
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m   
99+
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol   
4
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K   
10
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K   
99+
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
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