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Lanthanum vs Thallium

Lanthanum
Thallium
Thallium vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La   
Tl   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439910   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1838   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.   
24
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C   
99+
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C   
18
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa   
30
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa   
26
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s   
37
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57   
99+
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
123   
20
Number of Electrons
57   
99+
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm   
8
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm   
6
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm   
13
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol   
16
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)   
99+
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm   
28
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
2
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3   
99+
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3   
99+
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa   
40
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa   
99+
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa   
99+
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17   
99+
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m   
7
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol   
23
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
21
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K   
99+
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol   
17
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol   
16
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K   
23
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
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