Magnesium Cadmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Cd
Group Number
2
16
12
6
Period Number
3
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1755
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
203.00 MPa
39
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
64
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
51.80 J/mol.K
27
|
||
|
||
|
