Mercury Indium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
In
Group Number
12
6
13
5
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440746
17
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
166.00
6
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1863
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-8 %
28
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
Not Available
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
156.61 °C
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
2,000.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
8.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
In
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.78
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
2.14
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.49
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
1.76
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
1.66
18
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.22
38
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
4.12 eV
24
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
49
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
49
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
66
99+
Number of Electrons
80
36
49
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
167.00 pm
24
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
193.00 pm
31
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
114.82 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
54.00 (-eV)
25
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
325.23 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
7.31 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
7.02 g/cm3
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available
2.50 MPa
21
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.01 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Young's Modulus
Not Available
11.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
81.80 W/m·K
21
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
57.80 J/mol.K
22
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