Mercury Protactinium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Pa
Group Number
12
6
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440133
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
166.00
6
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
William Crookes
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1900
Abundance
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
1,568.00 °C
21
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
4,027.00 °C
12
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Pa
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.50
27
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.14
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.50
27
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
568.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
1,814.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
2,991.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
1.72 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
91
27
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
91
27
Number of Neutrons
121
22
122
21
Number of Electrons
80
36
91
27
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
163.00 pm
25
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
200.00 pm
11
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
243.00 pm
11
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
231.04 amu
24
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
92.00 (-eV)
11
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
392.50 pm
23
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
15.37 g/cm3
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Unknown
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
15.37
12
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
177.00 nΩ·m
21
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
34
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
47.00 W/m·K
32
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
12.34 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
198.10 J/mol.K
1
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