Osmium Lithium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Li
Group Number
8
10
1
17
Period Number
6
2
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7439932
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Johan August Arfwedson
Discovery
In 1803
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
6 * 10-7 %
18
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.00017 %
11
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
In Bone
Not Available
1.30 p.p.m.
17
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
180.54 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
1,347.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
0.60
21
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
5.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
6,000.00 m/s
3
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Li
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
8
30
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
0.98
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.89
26
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.97
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
0.91
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
3.02
8
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
2.90 eV
37
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
3
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[He] 2s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
3
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
4
99+
Number of Electrons
76
39
3
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
152.00 pm
31
Covalent Radius
Not Available
128.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
182.00 pm
35
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
6.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
19.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
351.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
0.53 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
0.51 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
109.00 (Pa)
2
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
4.20 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
11.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
4.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
0.53
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
92.80 nΩ·m
33
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
59.60 kJ/mol
16
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
84.80 W/m·K
20
Critical Temperature
Not Available
3,223.00 K
1
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
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