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Osmium Palladium Comparison

Osmium
Palladium
Palladium Osmium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Pd  
Group Number
8  
10
10  
8
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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