Osmium Palladium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Pd
Group Number
8
10
10
8
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440053
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1803
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
1,554.90 °C
22
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
2,963.00 °C
33
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
4.75
9
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
320.00 MPa
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
121.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
3,070.00 m/s
26
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.72
1
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Pd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
38
1
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.35
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
5.12 eV
3
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
46
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Kr] 4d10
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
46
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
60
99+
Number of Electrons
76
39
46
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
Not Available
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
106.42 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
33.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
389.07 pm
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
12.02 g/cm3
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
10.38 g/cm3
17
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
0.00 (Pa)
30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available
121.00 GPa
16
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.39
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
12.02
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
105.40 nΩ·m
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
54.23 kJ/mol
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
25.98 J/mol·K
33
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
71.80 W/m·K
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
376.60 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
16.74 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
393.30 kJ/mol
22
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
37.60 J/mol.K
40
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