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Osmium vs Aluminium


Aluminium vs Osmium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Os   
Al   

Group Number
8   
10
13   
5

Period Number
6   
3   

Block
d block   
p block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7429905   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  

Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Hans Christian Oersted   

Discovery
In 1803   
In 1825   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
5 * 10-3 %   
5

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.006 %   
5

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.91 %   
5

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
8.10 %   
1

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
6

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9

In Bone
Not Available   
27.00 p.p.m.   
11

Physical Properties

Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
660.37 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
2,467.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
2.75   
13

Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
160.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
35

Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
5,000.00 m/s   
10

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Os   
Al   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
11   
27

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.61   
22

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.71   
13

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.47   
14

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8

Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.61   
20

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.39   
32

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19

3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2

7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
4.28 eV   
19

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
76   
40
13   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
76   
39
13   
99+

Number of Neutrons
114   
25
14   
99+

Number of Electrons
76   
39
13   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
143.00 pm   
37

Covalent Radius
Not Available   
121.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
184.00 pm   
34

Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
26.98 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Magnesium
  

Next Element
Iridium
  
Potassium
  

Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
80.70 (-eV)   
17

Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
404.95 pm   
22

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
2.70 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
2.38 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
40.00 MPa   
19

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
18

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
26.00 GPa   
29

Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
76.00 GPa   
18

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
70.00 GPa   
28

Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.35   
9

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
2.72   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4

Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4

Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
42.50 kJ/mol   
26

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5

Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
237.00 W/m·K   
4

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
293.70 kJ/mol   
31

Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
10.67 kJ/mol   
35

Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
322.20 kJ/mol   
31

Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+

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