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Osmium vs Magnesium

Osmium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Mg  
Group Number
8  
10
2  
16
Period Number
6  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %  
21
6 * 10-2 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %  
25
~0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.03 %  
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
Not Available  
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
260.00 MPa  
36
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
11
4,940.00 m/s  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
74.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
4
1.31  
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.32  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
12
1.23  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.37  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
19
1.29  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
Not Available  
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
38
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
8
3.66 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76  
40
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
25
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
27
Covalent Radius
Not Available  
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
24
173.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
14
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
1
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
17.00 GPa  
37
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
45.00 GPa  
25
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
45.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
2
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
18
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
9
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
7
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
8.95 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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