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Osmium vs Magnesium

Osmium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Mg  
Group Number
8  
10
2  
16
Period Number
6  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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