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Platinum vs Californium

Platinum
Californium
Californium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Cf   
Group Number
10   
8
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
153   
9
Number of Electrons
78   
38
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Not Available   
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