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Platinum vs Praseodymium

Platinum
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Pr  
Group Number
10  
8
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
-  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
78  
38
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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