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Platinum vs Thorium

Platinum
Thorium
Thorium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Th   
Group Number
10   
8
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1829   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
4,790.00 °C   
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
295.00 MPa   
29
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
90   
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
142   
15
Number of Electrons
78   
38
90   
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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