Platinum vs Thorium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt
Th
Group Number
10
8
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440064
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1735
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
25
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C
16
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C
15
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.50
11
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa
34
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s
29
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.72
16
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol
10
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV
1
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78
38
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
78
38
90
28
Number of Neutrons
117
24
142
15
Number of Electrons
78
38
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm
99+
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm
36
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)
1
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm
24
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3
11
11.72 g/cm3
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3
2
Not Available
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)
18
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa
14
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa
14
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.38
6
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.45
4
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m
30
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K
24
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol
11
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol
12
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol
11
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
