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Praseodymium vs Copper

Praseodymium
Copper
Copper vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr   
Cu   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440100   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1885   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
40
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
27
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
Not Available   
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
935.00 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C   
27
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa   
24
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s   
40
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pr   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13   
99+
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87   
12
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol   
29
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr   
40
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
59   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
59   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm   
11
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm   
14
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol   
15
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm   
29
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3   
39
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa   
39
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa   
40
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa   
99+
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m   
99+
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K   
99+
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol   
29
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol   
24
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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