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Copper vs Praseodymium

Copper
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Pr  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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