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Praseodymium vs Mercury

Praseodymium
Mercury
Mercury vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr   
Hg   
Group Number
Not Available   
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440100   
99+
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1885   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
40
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
27
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
Not Available   
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
935.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C   
27
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa   
24
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s   
40
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pr   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13   
99+
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87   
12
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol   
29
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr   
40
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
59   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
121   
22
Number of Electrons
59   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm   
11
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm   
14
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol   
15
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)   
99+
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm   
29
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3   
39
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa   
39
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa   
40
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K   
99+
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol   
29
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol   
99+
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol   
24
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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