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Praseodymium vs Mercury

Praseodymium
Mercury
Mercury vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Hg  
Group Number
3  
15
12  
6
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1885  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
121  
23
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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