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Mercury vs Praseodymium

Mercury
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Pr  
Group Number
12  
6
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
-  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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