Praseodymium vs Osmium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr
Os
Group Number
Not Available
8
10
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440100
99+
7440042
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Smithson Tennant
Discovery
In 1885
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-7 %
21
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
- This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
935.00 °C
99+
3,045.00 °C
3
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C
27
5,027.00 °C
6
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa
24
3,490.00 MPa
1
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s
40
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pr
Os
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13
99+
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.52
12
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87
12
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol
99+
840.00 kJ/mol
12
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol
29
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr
40
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.83 eV
8
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
59
99+
76
40
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
59
99+
76
39
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
114
25
Number of Electrons
59
99+
76
39
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm
11
133.80 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm
14
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu
99+
190.23 amu
35
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol
15
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)
99+
91.40 (-eV)
12
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm
29
273.44 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
1.58
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
22.59 g/cm3
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3
39
20.00 g/cm3
1
Tensile Strength
Not Available
1,000.00 MPa
4
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)
7
0.00 (Pa)
28
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa
39
222.00 GPa
1
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa
40
462.00 GPa
1
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
22.57
2
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m
99+
81.20 nΩ·m
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
106.10 kJ/mol
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K
18
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K
99+
87.60 W/m·K
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol
29
627.60 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol
99+
29.30 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol
24
669.00 kJ/mol
6
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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