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Properties of Protactinium and Palladium

Protactinium
Palladium
Properties of Palladium & Protactinium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C   
21
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C   
12
2,963.00 °C   
33
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pa   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
1.35   
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3   
20
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable, 
?
Weldability of metals defines their ability to be welded.This property of metals also known as joinability.Weldable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa   
Pd   
Group Number
Not Available   
10   
8
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
91   
27
46   
99+
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu   
24
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10   
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)   
11
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91   
27
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
122   
21
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
91   
27
46   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The tetragonal crystal structure occur as a result of stretching a cubic lattice along one of its lattice vectors due to which cube becomes a rectangular prism with a square shape at base.Tetragonal (TETR)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm   
25
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm   
11
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm   
11
163.00 pm   
40
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm   
23
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Silver
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Rhodium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37   
12
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K   
32
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
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