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Properties of Thorium and Bismuth

Thorium
Bismuth
Properties of Bismuth & Thorium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Th   
Bi   
Group Number
0   
18
15   
3
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90   
28
83   
33
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90   
28
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
142   
15
126   
18
Number of Electrons
90   
28
83   
33
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
Rhombohedral crystal lattice structure comes under trigonal crystal structure. The Rhombohedral crystal structure is a term associated trigonal crystal structure with the rhombohedral lattice.Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
207.00 pm   
26
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Polonium
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Lead
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Electrical Property
?
Under certain conditions, superconductor metals offer zero resistance to electric current it means this type of metals will conduct electricity without any resistance.Superconductor   
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
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