Properties of Thorium and Copper
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C
  
17
1,084.62 °C
  
40
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
  
99+
Hardness
  
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s
  
36
3,810.00 m/s
  
19
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Th
  
Cu
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol
  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol
  
15
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol
  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr
  
24
1.19 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3
  
32
8.96 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Th
  
Cu
  
Period Number
7
  
4
  
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)
  
23
34.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m
  
22
16.78 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
31
0.60 106/cm Ω
  
2
Electron Affinity
Not Available
  
222.80 kJ/mol
  
1
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
1.256629 * 10
-6 H/m
  
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
-9.63 * 10
-6
  
4
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
  
40
0.38 J/(kg K)
  
15
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K
  
28
401.00 W/m·K
  
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K
  
30
24.44 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)
  
36
16.50 µm/(m·K)
  
25
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
  
15
283.70 kJ/mol
  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
  
19
7.11 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
  
15
338.90 kJ/mol
  
29