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Properties of Thulium and Francium

Thulium
Francium
Properties of Francium & Thulium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C   
23
27.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C   
99+
677.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm   
Fr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25   
35
0.70   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
0.86   
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.68   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.67   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75   
19
3.30   
1
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
8.32 g/amp-hr   
1
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3   
40
1.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa   
22
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa   
26
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa   
27
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
31
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm   
Fr   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
All alkali metals are placed under group number 1 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are highly reactive and are found in ores of other metals and minerals. Alkali metals can be easily distinguished from others as these metals have only 1 electronAlkali   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69   
99+
87   
31
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu   
99+
223.00 amu   
27
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Not Available   
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
[Rn] 7s1   
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)   
28
8.00 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69   
99+
87   
31
Number of Neutrons
100   
32
136   
17
Number of Electrons
69   
99+
87   
31
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
Not Available   
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
260.00 pm   
1
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
348.00 pm   
1
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm   
40
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Radium
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Polonium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
3.00 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Poor conductor metals have moderate resistance to electric currents. They can conduct electric current through them with very low efficiency.Poor Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
15.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
71.00 kJ/mol   
99+
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