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Radium Gold Comparison

Radium
Gold
Gold Radium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Au  
Group Number
2  
16
11  
7
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
In 1898  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
118  
24
Number of Electrons
88  
30
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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