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Rhodium Copper Comparison

Rhodium
Copper
Copper Rhodium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Cu  
Group Number
9  
9
11  
7
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
-  
Discovery
In 1804  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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