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Copper Rhodium Comparison

Copper
Rhodium
Rhodium Copper comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Rh  
Group Number
11  
7
9  
9
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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