Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1844
In 1880
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
4th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available