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Silver Calcium Comparison

Silver
Calcium
Calcium Silver comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Ca  
Group Number
11  
7
2  
16
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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