Silver Gallium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag
Ga
Group Number
11
7
13
5
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440224
99+
7440553
32
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Cmca
Space Group Number
225.00
2
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
20
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C
99+
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
99+
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa
37
56.80 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa
30
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
34
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
97.00 %
1
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93
9
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83
11
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47
15
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.87
7
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07
99+
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
27
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV
20
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47
99+
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
47
99+
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
61
99+
39
99+
Number of Electrons
47
99+
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm
36
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm
39
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm
38
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
99+
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
99+
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm
20
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
35
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3
21
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
14
0.00 (Pa)
15
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
Not Available
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa
23
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.50
26
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
0.00
5
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
5
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
1
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
37
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
31
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
37
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
35
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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