Silver

Sodium

Silver vs Sodium

Silver

Sodium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

111

0 17

1.4 Period Number

2 7

1.8 Block

d block

s block

1.9 Element Family

Transition Metal

Alkali

1.10 CAS Number

74402247440235

7429905 54386242

1.13 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

Im_ 3m

1.14 Space Group Number

225.00229.00

11 229

3 Facts

3.1 Interesting Facts

It is the most reflective element.

Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.

It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.

At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).

3.3 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals

By Electrolysis Process, Mining

3.4 History

3.4.1 Who Discovered

Unknown

Humphry Davy

3.4.2 Discovery

Before 5000 BC

In 1807

3.5 Abundance

3.5.1 Abundance In Universe

6 * 10^-8 %2 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

3.5.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000001 %~0.004 %

1E-08 0.1

3.5.6 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.55 %

1.7E-07 22

3.5.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %2.30 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.5.10 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %1.10 %

2E-23 1.1

4.2.4 Abundance In Humans

NA0.14 %

1E-13 1.4

5 Uses

5.1 Uses & Benefits

Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.

In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.

5.1.2 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

5.1.3 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

Pharmaceutical Industry

5.1.4 Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Alloys

5.2 Biological Properties

5.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Toxic

5.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

5.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-31,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

6.1.1 In Bone

0.44 p.p.m.10,000.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

7 Physical

7.1 Melting Point

961.93 °C97.72 °C

27 3410

7.3 Boiling Point

2,212.00 °C883.00 °C

147 5660

7.6 Appearance

7.6.1 Physical State

Solid

7.6.2 Color

Silvery White

7.6.3 Luster

Metallic

7.7 Hardness

7.7.1 Mohs Hardness

2.500.50

0.2 8.5

7.7.3 Brinell Hardness

251.00 MPa0.69 MPa

0.14 3490

7.8.1 Vickers Hardness

229.00 MPaNA

121 3430

7.9 Speed of Sound

2,680.00 m/s3,200.00 m/s

818 16200

7.11 Optical Properties

7.11.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

8.2.2 Reflectivity

97.00 %NA

58 97

8.3 Allotropes

✔ ✘

8.3.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

8.3.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

8.3.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

9 Chemical

9.1 Chemical Formula

9.2 Isotopes

9.2.1 Known Isotopes

3617

0 38

9.4 Electronegativity

9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.930.93

0.7 2.54

9.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.830.56

0.22 2.56

9.4.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.421.01

0.86 1.82

9.4.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.470.91

0.62 2.48

9.4.8 Allen Electronegativity

1.870.87

0.659 2.7

9.5 Electropositivity

9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.073.07

1.46 3.3

9.7 Ionization Energies

9.7.1 1st Energy Level

731.00 kJ/mol495.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

9.8.3 2nd Energy Level

2,070.00 kJ/mol4,562.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

9.8.5 3rd Energy Level

3,361.00 kJ/mol6,910.30 kJ/mol

1600 34230

9.8.7 4th Energy Level

NA9,543.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

9.8.9 5th Energy Level

NA13,354.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

9.8.11 6th Energy Level

NA16,613.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

9.8.13 7th Energy level

NA20,117.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

9.8.14 8th Energy Level

NA25,496.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

9.8.16 9th Energy Level

NA28,932.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

9.8.18 10th Energy Level

NA141,362.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

9.8.20 11th Energy Level

NA159,076.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

9.8.22 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

9.8.24 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

9.8.26 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

9.8.28 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

9.8.29 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

9.8.31 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

9.8.34 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

9.8.36 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

9.8.38 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

9.8.39 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

9.8.41 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.8.43 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.8.45 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.8.47 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.8.49 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.8.51 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.8.53 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.8.55 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.8.57 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent

4.02 g/amp-hr0.86 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.11 Electron Work Function

4.26 eV2.75 eV

2.14 5.65

9.12 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

10 Atomic

10.1 Atomic Number

4711

3 117

10.3 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

[Ne] 3s¹

10.4 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

10.4.1 Crystal Lattice

10.5 Atom

10.5.1 Number of Protons

4711

3 117

11.1.1 Number of Neutrons

6112

4 184

11.4.2 Number of Electrons

4711

3 117

11.5 Radius of an Atom

11.5.1 Atomic Radius

144.00 pm186.00 pm

112 265

11.5.3 Covalent Radius

145.00 pm166.00 pm

96 260

11.6.2 Van der Waals Radius

172.00 pm227.00 pm

139 348

11.7 Atomic Weight

107.87 amu22.99 amu

6.94 294

11.8 Atomic Volume

10.30 cm3/mol23.70 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

11.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

11.10.1 Previous Element

11.10.2 Next Element

11.11 Valence Electron Potential

11.40 (-eV)14.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

11.13 Lattice Constant

408.53 pm429.06 pm

228.58 891.25

11.16 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

11.17 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

12 Mechanical

12.1 Density

12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

10.49 g/cm³0.97 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

13.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

9.32 g/cm30.93 g/cm3

0.512 20

13.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

13.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

13.5 Vapor Pressure

13.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)NA

2.47E-11 121

13.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

13.8 Elasticity properties

13.8.1 Shear Modulus

30.00 GPa3.30 GPa

1.3 222

13.9.2 Bulk Modulus

100.00 GPa6.30 GPa

1.6 462

13.9.4 Young's Modulus

83.00 GPa10.00 GPa

1.7 528

13.10 Poisson Ratio

0.37NA

0.032 0.47

14.2 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

15 Magnetic

15.1 Magnetic Characteristics

15.1.1 Specific Gravity

10.500.97

0.53 4500

15.1.4 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

15.1.5 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

15.1.7 Susceptibility

0.00NA

-0.000166 200000

15.3 Electrical Properties

15.3.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

15.3.2 Resistivity

15.87 nΩ·m47.70 nΩ·m

0.18 961

15.3.4 Electrical Conductivity

0.63 10⁶/cm Ω0.21 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

15.3.6 Electron Affinity

125.60 kJ/mol52.80 kJ/mol

0 222.8

17 Thermal

17.1 Specific Heat

0.24 J/(kg K)1.23 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

17.3 Molar Heat Capacity

25.35 J/mol·K28.23 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

17.5 Thermal Conductivity

429.00 W/m·K142.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

1.3 Critical Temperature

NA2,573.00 K

26.3 3223

1.5 Thermal Expansion

18.90 µm/(m·K)71.00 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

1.8 Enthalpy

1.8.2 Enthalpy of Vaporization

255.10 kJ/mol89.04 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

1.11.1 Enthalpy of Fusion

11.30 kJ/mol2.59 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

1.13.2 Enthalpy of Atomization

284.50 kJ/mol108.40 kJ/mol

61.5 837

2.5 Standard Molar Entropy

42.60 J/mol.K51.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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