Sodium Nickel Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Na
Ni
Group Number
1
17
10
8
Period Number
3
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440235
99+
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1807
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %
6
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %
6
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %
6
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %
5
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %
1
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %
3
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C
99+
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
883.00 °C
99+
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.50
22
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa
99+
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s
24
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93
99+
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56
30
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01
35
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91
21
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.87
99+
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07
6
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV
40
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11
99+
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
11
99+
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
31
99+
Number of Electrons
11
99+
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm
9
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm
27
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm
21
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu
99+
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol
10
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)
99+
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm
19
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3
99+
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa
99+
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa
99+
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa
99+
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.97
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
Not Available
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol
19
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K
10
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K
11
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K
2
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K
28
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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