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Tin Thallium Comparison

Tin
Thallium
Thallium Tin comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Tl   
Group Number
14   
4
13   
5
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
William Crookes   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
26.50 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
123   
20
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
Summary >>
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