Tin vs Rubidium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Rb
Group Number
14
4
1
17
Period Number
5
5
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkali
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440177
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
141.00
7
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Obtained from Lithium Production.
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.000003 %
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
5.00 p.p.m.
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
38.89 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
688.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
0.30
24
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
0.22 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
1,300.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Rb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
0.31
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
0.89
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
0.69
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
0.71
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
7th Energy level
Not Available
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
2.16 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
37
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Kr] 5s1
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
37
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
48
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
37
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
248.00 pm
2
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
220.00 pm
4
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
303.00 pm
3
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
85.47 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
55.90 cm3/mol
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
9.47 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
558.50 pm
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
1.53 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
1.46 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
2.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
2.40 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
1.53
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
128.00 nΩ·m
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
46.90 kJ/mol
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
31.06 J/mol·K
5
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
58.20 W/m·K
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,093.00 K
4
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
76.80 J/mol.K
5
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