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Tin vs Rubidium

Tin
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Rb   
Group Number
14   
4
1   
17
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
p block   
s block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
0.22 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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