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Titanium Hafnium Comparison

Titanium
Hafnium
Hafnium Titanium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti  
Hf  
Group Number
4  
14
4  
14
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440586  
30
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
By-product Zirconium Refining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius  
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Discovery
In 1791  
In 1922  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Humans
0.57 %  
2
0.00 %  
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
16
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.60 p.p.m.  
21
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C  
18
2,150.00 °C  
10
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C  
23
5,400.00 °C  
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray-White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa  
16
1,450.00 MPa  
6
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa  
21
1,520.00 MPa  
10
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s  
13
3,010.00 m/s  
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
56.00 %  
26
71.00 %  
12
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ti  
Hf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
23  
16
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
27
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09  
39
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32  
24
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
1.16  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46  
28
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
39
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol  
99+
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol  
5
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol  
8
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol  
11
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol  
15
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol  
37
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol  
1
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol  
2
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol  
4
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol  
5
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol  
9
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
21st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
23rd Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
30
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
25th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
26th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
31
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
27th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
28th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
37
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
29th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
38
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
30th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
34
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
24
3.90 eV  
36
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
22  
99+
72  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
72  
99+
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
106  
30
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
72  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
159.00 pm  
30
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
175.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
178.49 amu  
39
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Scandium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Vanadium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
81.00 (-eV)  
16
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
319.64 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
30
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
13.31 g/cm3  
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
12.00 g/cm3  
31
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
10
445.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
28
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
20
78.00 GPa  
27
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.51  
99+
13.31  
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
13
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,941.00 K  
21
2,500.00 K  
11
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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