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V Element
Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V
Group Number
5 13
Period Number
4 4
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440622 27
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00 2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Discovery
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 % 14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 % 12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 39
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m. 36
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C 13
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C 21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.70 4
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa 24
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa 25
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s 22
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.05 13
Reflectivity
61.00 % 22
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
22 17
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63 21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39 21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45 17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63 21
Allen Electronegativity
1.53 29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37 34
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol 42
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol 48
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol 36
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol 35
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol 38
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol 6
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol 5
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol 7
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol 7
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol 12
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol 15
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol 34
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol 12
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol 1
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol 3
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol 3
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol 4
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol 5
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol 6
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol 8
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol 8
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol 32
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol 57
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol 34
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol 36
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol 35
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol 36
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol 41
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol 42
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol 38
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr 75
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV 25
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic
Atomic Number
23 83
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
23 82
Number of Neutrons
28 62
Number of Electrons
23 82
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm 45
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm 35
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm 35
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu 77
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol 74
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
11
Next Element
29
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV) 6
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm 65
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70 9
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3 71
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3 75
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa 6
Viscosity
0.00 11
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa) 16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa 16
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa 11
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa 17
Poisson Ratio
0.37 7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.96 69
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 15
Susceptibility
0.00 8
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m 19
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω 40
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol 25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K) 10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K 55
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K 40
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K 15
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K) 61
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol 19
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol 14
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol 17
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K 69
Summary >>
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