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Osmium vs Yttrium

Osmium
Yttrium
Yttrium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Y  
Group Number
8  
10
3  
15
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440655  
25
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Johan Gadolin  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1794  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
26
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,523.00 °C  
27
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
3,337.00 °C  
22
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
589.00 MPa  
26
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
590.00 MPa  
29
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
3,300.00 m/s  
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Y  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.22  
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
0.65  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.22  
38
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.12  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.78  
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
19
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,430.00 kJ/mol  
22
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,970.00 kJ/mol  
23
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
11,190.00 kJ/mol  
18
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
12,450.00 kJ/mol  
18
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,110.00 kJ/mol  
19
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
18,400.00 kJ/mol  
17
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
19,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,090.00 kJ/mol  
25
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
34
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
3.10 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
39  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Kr] 4d1 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
39  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
50  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
39  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
190.00 pm  
18
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
88.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
48.00 (-eV)  
31
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
364.74 pm  
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.57  
39
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
4.47 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
4.24 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
160.00 MPa  
22
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
18
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
4.27 (Pa)  
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
25.60 GPa  
37
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
41.20 GPa  
35
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
63.50 GPa  
34
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.24  
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
4.47  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
596.00 nΩ·m  
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
29.60 kJ/mol  
36
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
26.53 J/mol·K  
35
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
17.20 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,799.00 K  
31
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
393.00 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
17.15 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
418.00 kJ/mol  
23
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
44.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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