Zirconium vs Osmium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr
Os
Group Number
4
14
8
10
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440677
23
7440042
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Smithson Tennant
Discovery
In 1789
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
3 * 10-7 %
21
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
14
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
23
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
15
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
Not Available
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
23
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
15
3,045.00 °C
3
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
11
5,027.00 °C
6
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa
19
3,490.00 MPa
1
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
20
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr
Os
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33
30
2.20
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90
25
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.52
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.32
34
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
840.00 kJ/mol
12
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV
26
4.83 eV
8
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40
99+
76
40
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
40
99+
76
39
Number of Neutrons
51
99+
114
25
Number of Electrons
40
99+
76
39
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
133.80 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu
99+
190.23 amu
35
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
36
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
18
91.40 (-eV)
12
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm
99+
273.44 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
8
1.58
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3
99+
22.59 g/cm3
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
99+
20.00 g/cm3
1
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
1,000.00 MPa
4
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
0.00 (Pa)
28
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa
20
222.00 GPa
1
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa
17
462.00 GPa
1
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa
22
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.51
99+
22.57
2
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
11
81.20 nΩ·m
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
27
106.10 kJ/mol
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
99+
87.60 W/m·K
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
9
627.60 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
11
29.30 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
10
669.00 kJ/mol
6
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
39
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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