Home
 Compare Metals

Vanadium Hafnium Comparison

Vanadium
Hafnium
Hafnium Vanadium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
Hf  
Group Number
5  
13
4  
14
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7440586  
30
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By-product Zirconium Refining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1922  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
2,150.00 °C  
10
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
21
5,400.00 °C  
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
24
1,450.00 MPa  
6
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
25
1,520.00 MPa  
10
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
22
3,010.00 m/s  
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.05  
13
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
71.00 %  
12
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V  
Hf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
21
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
29
1.16  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
3.90 eV  
36
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
23  
99+
72  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
72  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
106  
30
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
72  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
159.00 pm  
30
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
35
175.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
178.49 amu  
39
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
81.00 (-eV)  
16
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
319.64 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70  
9
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
13.31 g/cm3  
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
12.00 g/cm3  
31
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
445.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
0.00  
11
0.00  
28
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
17
78.00 GPa  
27
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
13.31  
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
8
0.00  
13
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
40
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K  
15
2,500.00 K  
11
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
<< Thermal

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!