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Vanadium vs Gold

Vanadium
Gold
Gold vs Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
Au  
Group Number
5  
13
11  
7
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
-  
Discovery
In 1801  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
21
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
24
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
25
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
22
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.05  
13
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
21
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
21
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
29
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
23  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
118  
24
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
35
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70  
9
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
11
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
17
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
8
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
40
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K  
15
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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