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Zinc Lead Comparison

Zinc
Lead
Lead Zinc comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn  
Pb  
Group Number
12  
6
14  
4
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440666  
24
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists  
-  
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
16
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
419.58 °C  
99+
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
907.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa  
39
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
207.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s  
25
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zn  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65  
20
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23  
7
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66  
8
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65  
20
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35  
35
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
24
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
30  
99+
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30  
99+
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
30  
99+
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu  
99+
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm  
99+
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
7
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa  
20
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa  
21
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90  
99+
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K  
14
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
692.00 K  
99+
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
Summary >>
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