Zirconium Actinium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr
Ac
Group Number
4
14
Not Available
Period Number
5
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440677
23
7440348
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Not Available
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Friedrich Oskar Giesel
Discovery
In 1789
In 1902
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
17
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
14
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
23
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
15
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
23
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
15
1,227.00 °C
38
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
11
3,200.00 °C
26
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
20
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr
Ac
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33
30
1.10
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90
25
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.00
36
Allen Electronegativity
1.32
34
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
2.90
10
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
499.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol
23
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
2.82 g/amp-hr
18
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV
26
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40
99+
89
29
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
40
99+
89
29
Number of Neutrons
51
99+
138
16
Number of Electrons
40
99+
89
29
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
195.00 pm
7
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
Not Available
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu
99+
227.00 amu
25
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
36
22.54 cm3/mol
11
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
18
38.60 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm
99+
567.00 pm
8
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
8
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3
99+
10.00 g/cm3
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa
20
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa
17
Not Available
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa
22
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.51
99+
10.07
28
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
11
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Not Available
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
27
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
27.20 J/mol·K
18
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
99+
12.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
10
301.00 kJ/mol
36
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
39
56.50 J/mol.K
25
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